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After Cataract (Secondary Cataract; Posterior Capsular Opacification; PCO)
This condition may develop after cataract surgery. It is a clouding of the lens capsule in your eye. Its affect on vision can be similar to the problems caused by a true cataract.
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Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Dry Type (Dry AMD)
This disease causes vision loss. It affects the center of your visual field. It usually affects both eyes, but in some people only one eye is affected. This type of degeneration is a gradual thinning and breaking down of the macula. The macula is part of the light-sensitive retina tissue that sees fine details in the center of your visual field.
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Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Wet Type (Wet AMD)
This disease causes vision loss. It affects the center of your visual field. Of the two types of AMD, it is the more advanced type. It usually affects both eyes, but in some people only one eye is affected. This type of degeneration is an abnormal buildup of fluid beneath the macula. The macula is part of the light-sensitive retina tissue that sees fine details in the center of your visual field.
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Anatomy of the Eye
The eye is the organ of sight. It helps focus light and convert it into a signal that can be received by the brain. Let's take a closer look at the main parts of the eye.
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Astigmatism
This is a problem with the shape of your eye. It makes it hard for your eye to focus. This keeps you from seeing clearly. Astigmatism can affect both your near and far vision.
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Cataracts
Behind your eye's pupil is a lens that focuses light. In a healthy eye, this lens is clear. A cataract is a clouding of the lens. A cataract blocks light and can interfere with your vision.
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Common Vision Problems
Different eye disorders will affect sight in different ways. Use these vision problem simulations to get an idea of how eye disorders affect vision.
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Computer Vision Syndrome
This is an eye problem that results from spending a lot of time using a computer or digital device. It's a form of eye strain that affects people of any age.
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Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
This is a swelling or an inflammation of the conjunctiva, a thin, clear layer of tissue in the eye. The conjunctiva covers the white part of your eye, and also the inner side of your eyelids.
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Diabetic Retinopathy
This eye disorder affects people with diabetes. It happens gradually. You may not notice it until your vision is damaged. And without proper care, it can lead to blindness.
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Dry Eye
With this condition, your tears don't keep your eyes comfortably moist. This happens if your body doesn't make enough tears. It can also happen if your tears are of poor quality.
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Eye Floaters
These are dark or transparent strands or spots that you see floating in your visual field. They move as you move your eyes. When you try to focus on them, they may drift out of your vision. This can be annoying.
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Farsightedness (Hyperopia)
This is a common vision problem that can affect one or both eyes. With it, light isn't focused properly on the retina. Instead, the focus is somewhere behind the retina. For young people with farsightedness, things up close may look blurry, but things that are far away look sharp. After age 40, both near and far vision can become blurry.
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Fuchs' Dystrophy
This is a disease of the cornea. That's the clear tissue at the front of your eye. With Fuchs' dystrophy, cells that help keep the cornea clear begin to die off. Fluid builds up in the cornea, causing swelling. This usually happens to the corneas in both eyes. When your corneas swell, your vision becomes cloudy. And, your eyes may feel uncomfortable.
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Glaucoma (Angle Closure Type)
This disorder, also called "narrow angle" or "closed angle" glaucoma, is a buildup of pressure in your eye. It usually happens very quickly. It can damage your optic nerve. It can cause blindness.
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Glaucoma (Narrow Angle)
This disorder damages the optic nerve at the rear of the eye, causing rapid loss of vision. It can strike suddenly and progress quickly.
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Glaucoma (Open-Angle Type)
This condition results from a buildup of pressure inside your eye. It develops slowly. Most people don't realize they have a problem until their vision is harmed.
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Glaucoma (Primary Open Angle)
This disorder damages the optic nerve at the rear of the eye, causing loss of vision. It can progress so gradually that the person doesn't notice until significant damage has occurred.
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Keratoconus
This is a disease of the cornea. That's the clear tissue at the front of your eye. With keratoconus, the cornea thins and bulges out. It becomes cone-shaped. This harms your vision.
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Nearsightedness (Myopia)
This is a common vision problem that can affect one or both eyes. With it, light isn't focused properly on the retina. Instead, the focus is in front of the retina. With nearsightedness, things in the distance look blurry. But things that are up close look sharp.
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Presbyopia
This is the gradual loss of your ability to see up-close objects clearly. It's a normal part of the aging process, and one that most people first notice in their mid-40s. It tends to get worse until you're about 65.
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Retinal Detachment
This is a pulling away of the retina from the inner surface of your eye. It severely impairs your vision. Without proper treatment, this vision loss can become permanent.
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Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO)
This is a blockage of tiny veins in your eye. Normally, these veins carry blood away from your retina (the layer of light-sensing cells at the rear of your eye). When the veins are blocked, your vision can be harmed.
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Strabismus
This disorder is a misalignment of the eyes. They don't line up to look at the same thing at the same time. They don't give a focused view. When one eye doesn't align properly, it's commonly called a "lazy eye." Strabismus is often noticed shortly after birth. But it can develop later in children and in adults.
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Vitreous Detachment (Posterior Vitreous Detachment; PVD)
The eye contains a jelly-like liquid we call "vitreous." It fills the eye, and helps it keep its shape. But with this condition, the vitreous separates from the back of the eye. This can harm the layer of light-sensitive cells we call the "retina." It can affect your vision.