Hydrocephalus

Overview

This condition is caused by an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid (commonly called CSF) in the brain's ventricles. The ventricles are a system of large, fluid-filled open spaces inside the brain. Too much CSF in the ventricles can elevate pressure in the skull. It can damage delicate brain tissue.

About CSF

Cerebrospinal fluid is a colorless fluid that bathes the central nervous system. It carries nutrients and waste to and from cells. It also absorbs shocks and regulates pressure. CSF is produced in the brain. It normally flows through and around the brain and then down the spinal cord, where it is absorbed by the blood stream.

How Hydrocephalus Develops

Hydrocephalus is caused by a disruption of this drainage system, or, in rare cases, by an overproduction of CSF. The ventricles swell with the excess fluid. This raises the fluid pressure within the skull.

Symptoms (Infants)

Symptoms of hydrocephalus vary greatly with age. In infants, it can cause the head to swell rapidly and to unusually large proportions. This is because infants do not yet have rigid skulls. In addition to a swollen head, infants may experience symptoms such as vomiting, sleepiness, irritability and seizures. Their eyes may be fixed in a downward gaze.

Symptoms (Toddlers, Children)

In toddlers, hydrocephalus can also cause head swelling. Toddlers and children may experience headache, fever, irritability, and problems with coordination and balance. They may experience personality changes, problems with walking or talking, sleepiness, and other issues.

Symptoms (Adults)

In adults, hydrocephalus can cause headaches, sleepiness and impaired vision. It can cause problems with coordination and balance, and with memory and concentration. It can cause frequent urination or loss of bladder control.

Symptoms (Elderly)

In the elderly, hydrocephalus most commonly causes loss of bladder control or a frequent urge to urinate. It causes memory loss, and problems with thinking and reasoning. It causes slower movements, problems with coordination and balance, and difficulty walking.

Treatment

Hydrocephalus is most commonly treated with a surgically-implanted shunt. The shunt allows the excess fluid to drain out of the skull and into another area (such as the abdomen or heart), where it is absorbed by the body. A recovery plan may also include various therapies and specialized care, depending on the patient's age and condition.

Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.