Colorectal Cancer

Overview

This condition is the formation of cancerous growths in the colon (called colon cancer) and in the rectum (called rectal cancer).

Causes

The exact cause of colorectal cancer is not known. In most cases, these cancers begin in clumps of tissue called polyps. Polyps grow from the intestinal walls. Over time, cells in the polyps can mutate and become cancerous.

Risk Factors

Risk factors include increased age, obesity, diabetes and a family or personal history of the disease. Lack of physical exercise, a low-fiber/high-fat diet, and smoking and alcohol use can increase a person's risk. People who have certain genetic mutations, and those who have an African-American ethnicity are also at a higher risk for the disease.

Symptoms

Symptoms may include diarrhea or constipation, blood in the stool, lower abdominal pain, and unexplained weight loss. However, some patients may show no symptoms.

Screening and Diagnosis

Colorectal cancer can be detected with regular screening. A physician can discuss screening options. Colorectal cancer is often diagnosed with a colonoscopy. During this procedure, a physician uses a small camera to inspect the walls of the rectum and the colon.

Treatment

Small cancers contained within a polyp may be removed during colonoscopy. Larger cancers will need to be removed surgically. The type and extent of the surgery will depend on the extent of the cancer. For more advanced cancers, part of the colon may need to be removed. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may also be needed after surgery.

Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.